CMake语法—内置变量

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撰写于 2022年 01月 22 日

CMake语法—内置变量

1 CMake变量分类

1.1 普通变量

​ 详情可参见随笔《普通变量与函数》、《普通变量与子目录》、《普通变量与包含、宏》

1.2 缓存变量

​ 详情可参见随笔《缓存变量》

1.3 环境变量

​ 详情可参见随笔《环境变量》

1.4 内置变量

2 CMake内置变量分类

2.1 提供信息的变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables that Provide Information》

2.2 改变行为的变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables that Change Behavior》

2.3 描述系统的变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables that Describe the System》

2.4 控制构建的变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables that Control the Build》

2.5 语言变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables for Languages》

2.6 CTest变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables for CTest》

2.7 CPack变量

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Variables for CPack》

2.8 内部变量（不推荐再使用）

​ CMake有很多内部变量。他们中的大多数都无正式文档记录。

​ 然而，其中一些变量在某些时候被描述为普通变量，因此可能会在遗留代码中遇到。

​ 它们意思可能会发生变化，不建议在项目代码中使用。

​ 详情可参见官方文档《Internal Variables》

3 示例代码

3.1 代码结构

• learn_cmake：为根目录

• build：为CMake配置输出目录（在此例中即生成sln解决方案的地方）

• cmake_config.bat：执行CMake配置过程的脚本（双击直接运行）

  @echo off
  set currentDir=%~dp0
  set buildDir=%currentDir%
  set cmakeOutputDir=%currentDir%\build
  cmake -S %buildDir% -B %cmakeOutputDir% -G"Visual Studio 16 2019" -T v140 -A x64
  pause
  

• CMakeLists.txt：CMake主脚本

3.2 代码

CMakeLists.txt代码：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)

# 设置工程名称
set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)

# 设置工程版本号
set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")

# 工程定义
project (${PROJECT_NAME}
LANGUAGES CXX C
VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
)

# 打印开始日志
message(STATUS "########## BEGIN_TEST_INTERNAL_VAR")

## 1 Variables that Provide Information

message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION: ${CMAKE_CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION}")
message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_CACHE_MINOR_VERSION: ${CMAKE_CACHE_MINOR_VERSION}")
message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_CACHE_PATCH_VERSION: ${CMAKE_CACHE_PATCH_VERSION}")

message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR: ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}")
message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_TOOLSET: ${CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_TOOLSET}")
message(STATUS "1 CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR: ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}\n")

## 2 Variables that Change Behavior

message(STATUS "2 CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
message(STATUS "2 CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH: ${CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH}")
message(STATUS "2 CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH: ${CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH}")
message(STATUS "2 CMAKE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH}\n")

## 3 Variables that Describe the System

message(STATUS "3 MSVC: ${MSVC}")
message(STATUS "3 CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
message(STATUS "3 MSVC_VERSION: ${MSVC_VERSION}")
message(STATUS "3 MSVC_TOOLSET_VERSION: ${MSVC_TOOLSET_VERSION}\n")

## 4 Variables that Control the Build

message(STATUS "4 CMAKE_AUTOMOC: ${CMAKE_AUTOMOC}")
message(STATUS "4 CMAKE_DEFAULT_BUILD_TYPE: ${CMAKE_DEFAULT_BUILD_TYPE}")
message(STATUS "4 CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY: ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY}")
message(STATUS "4 CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR: ${CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR}")
message(STATUS "4 CMAKE_MSVCIDE_RUN_PATH: ${CMAKE_MSVCIDE_RUN_PATH}\n")

## 5 Variables for Languages

message(STATUS "5 CMAKE_C_STANDARD: ${CMAKE_C_STANDARD}")
message(STATUS "5 CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD: ${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}")
message(STATUS "5 CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC: ${CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC}")

# 打印结束日志
message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_INTERNAL_VAR\n")

3.3 运行结果

运行结果如下：

-- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
-- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- ########## BEGIN_TEST_INTERNAL_VAR
-- 1 CMAKE_CACHE_MAJOR_VERSION:
-- 1 CMAKE_CACHE_MINOR_VERSION:
-- 1 CMAKE_CACHE_PATCH_VERSION:
-- 1 CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR: F:/learn_cmake
-- 1 CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_TOOLSET: v140
-- 1 CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR: F:/learn_cmake

-- 2 CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:
-- 2 CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH:
-- 2 CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH:
-- 2 CMAKE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE_PATH:

-- 3 MSVC: 1
-- 3 CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME: Windows
-- 3 MSVC_VERSION: 1900
-- 3 MSVC_TOOLSET_VERSION: 140

-- 4 CMAKE_AUTOMOC:
-- 4 CMAKE_DEFAULT_BUILD_TYPE:
-- 4 CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY:
-- 4 CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR:
-- 4 CMAKE_MSVCIDE_RUN_PATH:

-- 5 CMAKE_C_STANDARD:
-- 5 CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD:
-- 5 CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC:
-- ########## END_TEST_INTERNAL_VAR

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: F:/learn_cmake/build
请按任意键继续. . .

CMake语法—内置变量的